Segment based Reliable Multipath Communication in Underwater Sensor Networks

Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving message below water. Under water communication is difficult due to factors like multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and strong signal attenuation, especially over long ranges. In underwater communication there are low data rates compared to terrestrial communication. Since underwater communication uses acoustic waves instead of electromagnetic waves. In underwater sensor network, the main problem is reliability and low energy efficiency which is characterized by the acoustic channels. The multiple-path communications can be coupled by Forward Error Correction (FEC) and then it can achieve high performance for Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs), the low probability of successful recovery of received packets in the destination node significantly affects the overall Packet Error Rate (PER) and the number of multiple paths required, which in turn becomes a critical factor for reliability and energy consumption. It examines, a Multiple-path Forward Error Correction (M-FEC) approach based on Hamming coding is improving reliability and energy efficiency in USNs. A new approach is formulated which is termed as M-FEC and calculate the overall PER for the proposed decision and feedback scheme, which can reduce the number of the multiple paths and achieve the desirable overall PER in M-FEC. The proposed approach achieves significantly lower packet delay while consuming less energy in multiple-path in USNs. The number paths can be increased and the cost for the trajectory can be calculated using the Least Cost Any Path Routing Algorithm. Thus the minimum cost and the path can be selected and the data is transferred to the destination. Index Terms Underwater sensor networks, Packet error rate, Multipath communication, Forward error correction.